![]() The disadvantage of voice biometrics is undoubtedly the influence of acoustic, emotional, or health conditions on the result of the verification of an individual. For this purpose, the Fourier transform is applied, and the obtained spectrum is compared using various algorithms, including those using artificial neural networks. In voice identification and/or authentication, analysis of frequency vibrations of the voice waves is increasingly used. Additionally, language, accent, speed and way of speaking, the pitch of voice, its frequency, nasal sound, and intonation are some of the features taken into account. The most popular use of behavioral traits is voice biometrics, which is used by some financial institutions and in e-commerce. ![]() Interest in this branch appears more often in scientific works than in commercial applications. Face size, gender, skin color, ethnicity, and height can be mentioned among them.īehavioral biometrics is undoubtedly used much less frequently. There have also been attempts to use the so-called soft biometrics to speed up the action and increase the overall performance. An example may be fingerprint scanners, which also apply such parameters as temperature, capacity, humidity, or the distribution of veins in the finger. Some solutions use more than one feature. The above systems can also be used without the awareness of the person whose face is being analyzed-which, apart from the privacy aspect, can be successfully used in places requiring increased security control, such as airports. Their advantages include, among others, no need to use specialized equipment-all that is needed is a camera. Biometric systems that use facial analysis are also becoming more and more popular. Fingerprints are used on a daily basis, including forensics science (identification and verification), as confirmation of the authenticity of documents (e.g., in notarial deeds, in the case of patients), or in smartphones. The main advantages of biometrics include:Ĭurrently, the most frequently used biometric system is fingerprint scanning. It stems from the fact that the range of areas for the present and future use of biometrics is wide, as for example internet transactions, workplaces, access to corporate networks or resources, telephone transactions, as well as travel and tourism. Īlthough biometric systems have been known for many years, the increased interest began in the 1990s and continues to this day. The second group includes such characteristics as way of walking, handwritten signature, eye movement, and voice. In the first group, the fingerprint, iris pattern of the eye, hand geometry, vascular structures and ear shape can be listed. Human features currently known and used in biometrics are based on physiological and behavioral characteristics. Due to the greater complexity of the task (1:n), identification may be considered more complex and more time and resource consuming. The measured feature is compared with the previously taken measurements. Identification is the process of determining the identity without any declaration. If the verification is positive, the user can access the requested resources. ![]() The feature used in a given system is compared with that previously registered. The verification process begins with the user declaring their identity. Such investigations aim to label and describe individuals and can be utilized for subjects’ verification or identification to protect various resources. ![]() Biometrics is a branch of science that focuses on quantitative research on the population and its variability based on measurements of living beings’ characteristics.
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